TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - As he savored the pouring rain, Marwi, 56, told us how he and the people of Aik Berik at the foot of Mount Rinjani have managed to survive. Apparently, living so close to such a great wealth of natural resources has not always guaranteed well-being. “It’s different now. When you want to eat durian, you just have to pick it off the ground. Before, it was difficult to find food,” said Marwi as he split open a newly fallen durian. Not long after, there was the thump of another fallen durian amidst the downpour.
We came to the Aik Berik village in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, at the end of November 2018, right when Aik Berik’s growers were enjoying durian, mangosteen, and banana harvests. On his orchard, Marwi spends more time cultivating plots of land planted with various types of trees.
Marwi was born and raised in Aik Berik, and is familiar with the forest at the foot of Mount Rinjani. There was a time when the forest was slowly transformed by encroachment and poaching. Meanwhile, the government’s reforestation efforts showed no results.
Marwi. TEMPO/Nurdiansyah
Before they were granted management rights to the forest, the prohibition against entering the forest impoverished villagers. Conflict ensued. Because of economic demands and scarcity of land, villagers still saw the forest as a source of livelihood, therefore theirs for the taking.
As a result, as soon as they were given permit, Aik Berik residents planted whatever they could in the forest, including fruit trees that are beneficial, including to conservation, such as teak, kalanggo (Duabangga moluccana), mahogany, beans, mangosteen, nutmeg, durian, and banana trees. “They planted whatever they wanted carelessly, as long as the forest was covered first,” said Marwi, head of the Rinjani Community Form (FMKR).
North Batukliang’s community forest has had a somewhat long history, at least since 1975, when reforestation efforts were made to alleviate forest destruction. At the time, locals were still involved in reforestation efforts. But seven years later, the forest utilization agreement policy (TGHK) transformed the forest’s status from production to protected, followed by a decree naming the northern forest area Mount Rinjani National Park Conservation Forest (TNGR).
The change of status did not immediately prevent locals from accessing the forest’s natural resources and forest land. In the end, however, it was made illegal for the community to access and make use of the forest. In 2000, a group of North Batukliang residents, through the Darus Shidiqien Islamic Boarding School Cooperative, were granted 1,042 hectares of community forest area to be managed for a period of five years. Dwi Sudarsono, director of the Samantan organization, said the school’s management of the community forest was seen as lacking. Conflict over management rights also arose among the people because they felt that they, too, had the right to manage the community forest.
Later on, several non-profit organizations, such as YKSSI NTB, Konsepsi, Samanta, Transform, and Koslata, facilitated community groups in advocating for their right to manage the forest, aiming to have a permit from the regent of Central Lombok by 2010. The permit was issued to four farmers’ groups in four villages in the North Batukliang subdistrict, namely the villages of Lantan, Aik Berik, Setiling, and Sidemen.
The location of the community forest in the four villages—1,809.5 hectares in size—falls under the Technical Implementation Unit of the Batukliang Forest. Aik Berik received the right to manage around 840 hectares.
Chief of West Nusa Tenggara Environmental and Forestry Office, Madami Mukarom, said the people can now reap great benefits from the community forest. “There are potential non-timber forest products, such as fruits; the Benang Kelambu and Benang Stokel waterfalls for tourism, which have continued to be developed; as well as a trekking route to Mount Rinjani, which was opened not long ago,” he said. Madami hopes that the welfare of the local people can continue to improve as the forest is restored.
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